Background
Histones are subject to a variety of enzyme catalyzed modifications, including acetylation, methylation,phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, etc. Lysine propionylation (Kpr) is a newly identified reversible modification structurally similar to lysine acetylation and can control protein activity. Lysine propionylation is abundant in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and has been found in wide ranges of proteins including histones and non-histone substrates, such as p53. Similar to acetylation of histone H3 at Lys12, propionylation of histone H4 at Lys16 may play a vital role in the epigenetic modulation, including chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation.
Cellular location
Nucleus