Background
Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key mechanisms of epigenetics that modulate chromatin structures, termed as “histonecode”. The PTMs on histone including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and novel acylations directly affect the accessibilityof chromatin to transcription factors and other epigenetic regulators, altering genome stability, gene transcription, etc. Histone methylationoccurs primarily at lysine and arginine residues on the amino terminal of core histones. Methylation of histones can either increaseor decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids (Lys or Arg) in the histones are methylated and how many methyl groupsare attached (mono-, di-, trimethylation on Lys, mono-di symmetric/asymmetric methylation on Arg). Mostly, lysine methylationoccursprimarily on histone H3 Lys4, 9, 27, 36, 79 and H4 Lys20, while Arginine methylation occurs primarily on histone H3 Arg2, 8, 17, 26andH4Arg3. Histone methylases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs) are major regulating factors.
Cellular location
Cellular Localization
